Estrogens Are Essential for Male Pubertal Periosteal Bone Expansion

Periosteal stem cells are essential for bone revitalization and repair.

The role of estrogens for male bone health.

Sex steroids are important for the growth and maintenance of both the female and the male skeleton. However, the relative contribution of androgens versus estrogens in the regulation of the male skeleton is unclear. Experiments using mice with inactivated sex steroid receptors demonstrated that both activation of the estrogen receptor (ER)alpha and activation of the androgen receptor result in ...

Jagged1 expression by osteoblast-lineage cells regulates trabecular bone mass and periosteal expansion in mice

Loss-of-function mutations in the Notch ligand, Jagged1 (Jag1), result in multi-system developmental pathologies associated with Alagille syndrome (ALGS). ALGS patients present with skeletal manifestations including hemi-vertebrae, reduced bone mass, increased fracture incidence and poor bone healing. However, it is not known whether the increased fracture risk is due to altered bone homeostasi...

Testicular Estrogens and Male Reproduction.

Besides somatic cells, aromatase gene expression and its transduction in an active protein in germ cells provides evidence of an additional site for estrogen production within testes of some mammals. Together with the widespread distribution of estrogen receptors in testicular cells, these data illuminate the hormonal regulation of male reproductive function

Strain driven transport for bone modeling at the periosteal surface.

Bone modeling and remodeling has been the subject of extensive experimental studies. There have been several mathematical models proposed to explain the observed behavior, as well. A different approach is taken here in which the bone is treated from a macroscopic view point. In this investigation, a one-dimensional analytical model is used to shed light on the factors which play the greatest ro...